Nature Astronomy, Published online: 25 June 2024; doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02304-w

Supergranules are large-scale convective features observed on the solar surface. Helioseismic inferences show that supergranular downflows appear to contribute less mass flux than upflows because they may be spatially too small to be detected. This challenges standard theories of solar convection.

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