Nature Astronomy, Published online: 07 October 2024; doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02371-z

The Universe comprises clusters and voids of galaxies and has been shaped by gravity over 13 billion years. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo simulations constrained by observed positions and velocities of galaxies produce maps of the density and velocity field of matter in the local Universe, revealing immense gravitational wells, which can inform future theories of structure formation.

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