Nature Astronomy, Published online: 01 November 2024; doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02394-6

A large-volume plasma torch has been used to experimentally simulate condensation in carbon-rich stellar outflows. Using the observed condensation sequence and appropriate optical properties, the feasibility of predicting dust mineralogy in these environments is demonstrated, offering a promising approach to the quantitative characterization of dust composition in various astrophysical settings.

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