Nature Astronomy, Published online: 16 August 2024; doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02335-3

A probabilistic machine learning method trained on cosmological simulations is used to determine whether stars in 10,000 nearby galaxies formed internally or were accreted from other galaxies during merging events. The model predicts that only 20% of the stellar mass in present day galaxies is the result of past mergers.

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