JMA Himawari-9 Clean Infrared Window (10.4 µm) images, from 0602 UTC to 2342 UTC on 20 January [click to play animated GIF | MP4]

Target Sector (2.5-minute interval) JMA Himawari-9 AHI Clean Infrared Window (10.4 µm) images (above) showed Tropical Invest 90P as it moved westward across the Coral Sea on 20 January 2024. Intermittent convective bursts within the growing cold cloud canopy contained multiple overshooting tops that exhibited infrared brightness temperatures of -100ºC or colder (internal clusters of red pixels embedded within yellow-to-black regions). In fact, the minimum infrared brightness temperature of -103.83ºC on the 17:09:44 UTC image was colder than the -103.55ºC measured by Himawari-8 with Typhoon Kammuri in 2019 (which at that time was thought to be the coldest cloud-top infrared brightness temperature on record as sensed by a geostationary satellite).

Himawari-9 Infrared Window (11.2 µm) images from the CIMSS Tropical Cyclones site (below) showed that Invest 90P was moving through an environment of high deep-layer wind shear — which was inhibiting its further intensification.

JMA Himawari-9 Infrared Window (11.2 µm) images, with contours and streamlines of deep-layer wind shear at 0000 UTC on 21 January [click to enlarge]

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